Do I Need Mesh for My Hernia? Everything you should know about Mesh

Hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide, with over 1 million procedures performed in the US each year. In most cases, surgeons use mesh to strengthen the repair and reduce the risk of recurrence. Mesh has been used in hernia surgery since 1958. For the right patient and the right operation, mesh is very important in reducing risk of recurrence. Think of mesh as a window screen that is placed between the layers of tissue to improve its strength. The use of mesh often brings up questions and concerns among patients. In this article, we’ll address the most frequently asked questions about hernia mesh—what it is, why it’s used, its safety, and what patients can expect during recovery.

What Is a Surgical Mesh?

Mesh is a medical device made from synthetic or biologic materials. It is designed to provide support to weakened or damaged tissue. In hernia repair, it is typically placed over or under the defect to reinforce the abdominal wall and prevent the hernia from recurring. Mesh integrates with the tissues over time to increase strength and distribute tension over a larger surface area. You can think of mesh as a prosthesis for your hernia

Mesh can be:

• Synthetic :made from materials like polypropylene, polyester or PTFE. These are the same materials used in heart and vascular surgery. 

• Biologic: made from animal tissue that is processed and sterilized, similar to those used in skin grafts or heart valves and joints

• Absorbable or Non-Absorbable depending on the surgical need

Why Is Mesh Used in Hernia Surgery?

Hernias develop when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscle or surrounding tissue. Simply stitching the area closed (primary repair) may not always be strong enough because the tissues are already in a weakened form, especially for larger or recurring hernias. Just as repairing an airplane wing requires durable, high-strength materials—not temporary fixes—hernia repair requires reinforcement with a material strong enough to withstand ongoing physical stress. Mesh provides extra reinforcement, increases the tensile strength, lowers the stress on surrounding tissues, and dispenses the tension over a larger surface area  and significantly reduces the chances of the hernia returning.

Is Hernia Mesh Safe for Me?

For the vast majority of patients, hernia mesh is safe and effective. It has been used in millions of procedures and is considered the gold standard for most types of hernia repairs. That said, like any medical device (e.g. joint or heart valve replacement, vascular graft, etc) or procedure, there are potential risks, including:

• Infection: This usually requires mesh removal, but an attempt at mesh salvage is possible. 

• Mesh migration or rejection: may lead to hernia recurrence and pain

• Chronic pain: usually secondary to excessive scar tissue due to patient’s own biology

• Adhesion or bowel obstruction (rare)

• Allergic reaction: extremely rare complication

These complications are not common, and most patients heal well without issues and are able to resume regular activities without limitations. It is important to recognize that some of these complications are also seen in surgeries that do not utilize mesh. Choosing an experienced surgeon who uses the most appropriate technique and mesh type can greatly reduce risks.

What Are the Alternatives to Using Mesh?

Mesh-free or “tissue-only” repairs are possible, especially in small hernias or cases where the patient has a contraindication to mesh. However, these procedures may carry a higher risk of recurrence and may not be suitable for larger or complex hernias. Also, these repairs tend to require longer operation times and general anesthesia. Your surgeon will discuss the best approach for your specific case.

How Long Does Hernia Mesh Last?

Non-absorbable mesh is designed to remain in the body permanently and continue to provide support indefinitely. Absorbable mesh degrades over time and is gradually replaced by the body’s own tissue. The time of degradation is specific to each mesh. The type of mesh used will depend on the size, location, and complexity of the hernia. Larger defects typically require larger mesh in order to provide adequate distribution of the force directly applied into the hernia. 

What to Expect After Hernia Mesh Surgery

Most patients can go home the same day after surgery, and recovery time varies based on the type of hernia and surgical technique (open vs. laparoscopic vs. robotic-assisted). Typical recovery includes:

• Mild to moderate discomfort for a few days

• Gradual return to light activity within 1–2 weeks

• Full recovery in about 4–6 weeks

• Avoid heavy lifting for several weeks

Your surgeon will provide personalized recovery instructions to help ensure optimal healing.

Should I Be Worried About Mesh Recalls or Lawsuits?

While there have been some mesh recalls and lawsuits related to specific mesh products in the past, it’s important to note that these involved particular brands or models—not all mesh. 

The following mesh products have been recalled by the FDA. FDA classifies recalls from 1-3, Class 1 recalls are the most serious. Class 2 Recall may cause harm. Class 3 Recall are not likely to cause adverse effect

Not all mesh is created equal, and typically these lawsuits refer to mesh used in conjunction with bladder and vaginal lifts in order to suspend the organ. Thereby, laying on the organ directly which has a higher risk of complications.  Your surgeon will use FDA-approved products and select the most appropriate option based on safety, evidence, and experience.

When to Call Your Doctor

After hernia repair, contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Fever or chills

• Severe or worsening pain

• Redness, swelling, or drainage from the incision

• Nausea, vomiting, or difficulty passing gas or stool

These may indicate an infection or complication that needs prompt evaluation.

Conclusion: Informed Decisions Lead to Better Outcomes

Mesh has revolutionized hernia repair by reducing recurrence rates and supporting long-term healing. For most patients, mesh repair is a safe and effective option. However, every case is unique, and decisions about mesh use should be made in partnership with a skilled surgeon who understands your medical history and surgical goals.

If you’re considering hernia surgery or have concerns about mesh, schedule a consultation with our surgical team at Intercoastal Medical Group. We proudly serve patients throughout Sarasota, Lakewood Ranch, and Bradenton with expert, compassionate care.